Design and Development of a Semi-Natural Turtle Egg Hatching Monitoring Tool “Turtle House” Based on the Internet of Things (IoT)

Abstract

Manual monitoring of temperature and humidity in sea turtle egg incubation processes presents several limitations, particularly in terms of time efficiency, data accuracy, and continuous monitoring capabilities. To address these issues, this study aims to design and te st an Internet of Things (IoT)-based turtle egg incubator device called Turtle House. The device utilizes an ESP-32 microcontroller integrated with a DS18B20 temperature sensor, a DHT-22 humidity sensor, a heater, a fan, a mist maker, and a CCTV camera. This system allows real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity via the Thingspeak platform. The research was conducted from 2023 to 2024 for the design and development of the device, while placement and data collection were carried out in 2025 at the Instrumentation and Robotics Room, Fisheries, Marine, and Hatchery Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Bangka Belitung. Turtle Eggs Recommended Brin Sdg Access Permit, East Belitung Regency, a conservation area actively managed through a collaboration between PT Penyu Lima Konservindo and the Natural Resources Conservation Agency and (DIRJEN KSDAE SIMAKSI). The sensor accuracy test results showed low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values, namely 0.18708 for temperature, 0.10801 for sand humidity, and 0.29664 for room humidity. These results indicate that the device operates accurately and is reliable for artificial incubation of sea turtle eggs.